Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands

“One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you.” (Numbers 15:16)

The “Replacement Theologians” call we who teach this:

“Judaizers”

The purpose of this page is to proof-text three Theological paradigms, and let the reader choose which one is correct.

• Both the Jews & Gentiles are under Torah.
• Torah has been fulfilled, and nobody is under Torah
• The Jews are under Torah, but the Believing Gentiles are not.

“One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you.” (Numbers 15:16)

For centuries, Replacement Theologians have accused anyone who quotes this verse of being a “Judaizer.”

First, we must define Torah, as it was kept after the 70 A.D. destruction, and the following expulsion from Israel

We include all laws that can be kept 100% as written and all laws that were kept by a Torah compliant Jews, by modifying it.

From 70 A.D. to 1946 A.D., Torah‑observant Jews kept every commandment that could survive without a Temple, priesthood, sacrifices, or the Land. This produced a living Torah of 200–250 practices — the Ten Commandments, Sabbath, Kosher, Festivals (without sacrifices), sexual purity, marriage and family laws, clothing and identity markers, prayer and study, community ethics, remembrance laws, and symbolic versions of agricultural laws. This is the Torah of the Diaspora, the Torah that actually existed for nearly 2,000 years.

⭐THE TEN COMMANDMENTS

All 10 survived, though modified:

• No other gods
• No idols
• Do not misuse God’s name
• Sabbath (kept without sacrifices)
• Honor parents
• No murder
• No adultery
• No stealing
• No false witness
• No coveting

⭐ SABBATH & WEEKLY PRACTICES

These survived fully:

• Sabbath rest
• Sabbath synagogue services
• Sabbath prayers
• Sabbath meals
• Sabbath candles (rabbinic addition)
• No work (redefined without Temple labor categories)
• No commerce
• No travel beyond limits (modified)
• No fire (reinterpreted as no kindling)

⭐ KOSHER LAWS

These survived almost unchanged:

• No pork
• No shellfish
• No birds of prey
• No insects except locusts
• No mixing meat and milk (rabbinic fence)
• Proper slaughter (shechita)
• No blood
• No carrion
• No unclean animals
• Separate dishes (rabbinic fence)

Kosher is one of the strongest surviving categories.

⭐ FEASTS & HOLY DAYS (MODIFIED)

Jews kept all feasts, but without sacrifices:

• Passover (Seder replaces lamb)
• Unleavened Bread
• Firstfruits (symbolic)
• Shavuot
• Rosh Hashanah
• Yom Kippur (no goat, no blood, no priest)
• Sukkot
• Shemini Atzeret
• Purim
• Hanukkah
• Fast days (Tisha B’Av, etc.)

Every feast survived — but all sacrificial components were replaced with prayer.

⭐ THE ETHICAL CORE (MORAL LAW)

These survived unchanged:

• No murder
• No adultery
• No stealing
• No false witness
• No coveting
• Honor parents
• Love neighbor
• Love the stranger
• No oppression of poor
• No cheating in business
• Honest weights and measures
• No slander
• No vengeance
• No grudges
• Rebuke your neighbor
• Do justice, love mercy
• Pay wages on time
• Be kind to the widow/orphan
• Return lost property
• Help your neighbor’s animal
• Do not hate your brother
• Do not curse the deaf
• Do not trip the blind

These are the backbone of post‑Temple Judaism.

⭐ SEXUAL PURITY LAWS

These survived fully:

• No adultery
• No incest
• No homosexuality (traditional Judaism)
• No bestiality
• No prostitution
• No cult prostitution
• No sex during menstruation
• Modesty laws
• Marital faithfulness

⭐ MARRIAGE & DIVORCE LAWS

These survived with rabbinic courts replacing Temple courts:

• Marriage covenant
• Ketubah (marriage contract)
• Divorce certificate (get)
• Levirate marriage (symbolic only)
• Parental authority in marriage
• Sexual rights and obligations
• Household order
• Teaching children diligently

⭐ CLOTHING & APPEARANCE LAWS

These survived strongly:

• No mixed fabrics (shatnez)
• Tzitzit (fringes)
• Modest dress
• Beard traditions (varied)
• No pagan haircuts
• No tattoos
• No cutting the flesh
• No shaving with a razor (traditional)

⭐ HOLINESS & SEPARATION LAWS

These survived in modified form:

• Be holy as God is holy
• Separate from pagan practices
• Avoid idolatry
• Avoid occult practices
• Avoid sorcery, divination
• Avoid mediums
• Avoid unclean spiritual influences
• Avoid assimilation
• Maintain Jewish identity

⭐ PRAYER, MEDITATION, & STUDY

These became the replacement for sacrifices:

• Daily prayer (Shacharit, Mincha, Ma’ariv)
• Shema twice daily
• Blessings before/after meals
• Torah study
• Synagogue attendance
• Reading the weekly Torah portion
• Reciting Psalms
• Confession prayers
• Yom Kippur liturgy replacing sacrifices

⭐ 11. COMMUNITY & CHARITY

These survived fully:

• Charity (tzedakah)
• Hospitality
• Caring for poor
• Caring for widows/orphans
• Visiting the sick
• Burying the dead
• Community discipline
• Supporting rabbis and scholars

⭐ IDENTITY MARKERS

These survived as the core of Jewish distinctiveness:

• Circumcision
• Hebrew prayers
• Hebrew calendar
• Sabbath
• Kosher
• Festivals
• Tzitzit
• Mezuzah
• Synagogue life
• Torah study

⭐ “BE HOLY” LAWS

These survived as the heart of Diaspora Judaism:

• Avoid impurity (redefined without Temple)
• Avoid moral corruption
• Avoid pagan customs
• Live distinctly
• Live ethically
• Live in covenant identity

⭐ REMEMBRANCE LAWS

These survived symbolically:

• Remember the Exodus
• Remember Torah and do not add or subtract
• Remember Sinai
• Remember creation
• Remember Amalek
• Remember the wilderness
• Remember the Temple
• Remember Jerusalem
• Remember the covenant

⭐ MODIFIED AGRICULTURAL LAWS

Even outside the land, Jews kept symbolic versions:

• Gleaning (charity)
• Firstfruits (prayers)
• Tithing (charity instead of Levites)
• Sabbatical year (symbolic)
• Jubilee (symbolic)

⭐ THE FINAL RESULT

When you list everything Jews actually did — even in modified form — you get:

⭐ 250 +/- surviving practices, behaviors, and commandments

even without:

• Temple
• Priesthood
• Sacrifices
• Land
• Courts
• Sanhedrin
• Jubilee
• Tribal inheritance

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This page exists to proof‑text the three major theological paradigms as completely as possible.

1. BOTH JEWS & GENTILES ARE UNDER TORAH

This is the One‑Law position taught by the majority of “Messianic Jews” and by Rudolph Carty. It teaches that the Sinai covenant applies equally to:

• native‑born Israel
• grafted‑in Gentiles
• all believers in Messiah

The best proof-text for this is: “One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you.”

(Numbers 15:16)

2. TORAH HAS BEEN FULFILLED, AND NOBODY IS UNDER TORAH

This is the standard Replacement Theology position taught by “The Church Fathers” and later adopted by “The Schoolmen” headed by Thomas Aquinas. It teaches that:

• Torah ended at the cross
• Israel’s covenant is obsolete
• the Church replaces Israel
• Jewish identity is absorbed into Christianity

The best proof-text for this is: “The kingdom of God shall be taken from you and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof.”

(Matthew 21:43)

3. THE JEWS ARE UNDER TORAH, BUT THE BELIEVING GENTILES ARE NOT

This is the Apostolic Jurisdictional Model taught by: The TruthQuest founder: Joseph Simmons

• Torah is best seen as an “Object Lesson” for our spiritual walk
• Some of Torah was retired after the death of Joshua
• Some more was retired after the death of Yeshua
• The Jewish Believers are still under the rest of Torah

The best proof-text for this is: “For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.”

(Romans 11:25)

Our first project is to examine the key text, under the light of these three paradigms.

What is sin? For this we shall use I John 3:4

“Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law.”

Rudolph says: “Torah” is what “law” means here, and so it says: Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also TORAH: for sin is the transgression of TORAH.” Reasoning:

• Numbers 15:16 says “one law” for Israel and the stranger.
• Torah defines sin for everyone.

Therefore 1 John 3:4 is universal Torah‑obligation.

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T.A. says: “law” is God’s moral standard as revealed in Scripture and taught by God’s “True Church”.

• Torah ended at the cross, so law does not mean Torah
• Jesus is building his “True Church”, and our doctrines reveal his “law”, therefore obey what we teach.

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Joseph says: Start by Defining the Greek word used for “law” and compare that to John 15:10-14 & Luke 10:26, they are two different and the meaning becomes clear that Torah does not fit in I John 3:4 and therefore it is speaking of wickedness in general.

⭐The Acts 15 Council of Jerusalem

To continue our investigation, we now examine Acts 15, a central passage in the debate over Gentile identity, Torah, and covenant boundaries. Each paradigm interprets this passage differently.

Rudolph says: To understand this passage you first must understand that those “Pharisees” were attempting to convince those believing Gentiles to come under their authority. Their “Torah” included “The Oral Torah”. This must be understood as The Apostles rejecting that but expecting the Believing Gentiles to start learning Torah with the four prohibitions, and then learn more each Sabbath, as seen in Acts 15:21 “For Moses is…read in the synagogues every sabbath day.”

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T.A. says: The council’s decision is clear; The Pharisees lost this debate, and the Believing Gentiles are “not to be troubled” anything required by Torah. The Church has replaced the Jews as God’s people, and all believers are instructed to place themselves “UNDER THE CHURCH’S AUTHORITY”. Reasoning:

• Sunday replaced “The Sabbath of the Jews”
• Easter replaced “Passover”
• The “Trinity Doctrine” replaced YHVH; “The God of Israel”.
• The “True Church” is the doctrinal authority for all believers.

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Joseph says: Paul won this debate, and the Pharisees simply misunderstand both Torah and “The Prophets”, YHVH is using the Believing Gentiles as He said he would in Deut 32:21. The Gentiles are “Graffed-In” with “The Children of Israel” but they are “NOT UNDER TORAH”. Reasoning:

• The four prohibitions are entry requirements for table‑fellowship, with Torah compliant Jews.
• Acts 15:21 explains why the four prohibitions were chosen
• Gentiles lived among Jews who heard Moses every Sabbath.
• Gentiles enter through Messiah without Torah conversion

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