Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands

“One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you.” (Numbers 15:16)

The “Replacement Theologians” call we who teach this:

“Judaizers”

The purpose of this page is to proof-text three Theological paradigms, and let the reader choose which one is correct.

• Both the Jews & Gentiles are under Torah.
• Torah has been fulfilled, and nobody is under Torah
• The Jews are under Torah, but the Believing Gentiles are not.

“One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you.” (Numbers 15:16)

For centuries, Replacement Theologians have accused anyone who quotes this verse of being a “Judaizer.”

This page exists to proof‑text the three major theological paradigms as completely as possible.

1. BOTH JEWS & GENTILES ARE UNDER TORAH

This is the One‑Law position taught by the majority of “Messianic Jews” and by Rudolph Carty. It teaches that the Sinai covenant applies equally to:

• native‑born Israel
• grafted‑in Gentiles
• all believers in Messiah

The best proof-text for this is: “One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you.”

(Numbers 15:16)

2. TORAH HAS BEEN FULFILLED, AND NOBODY IS UNDER TORAH

This is the standard Replacement Theology position taught by “The Church Fathers” and later adopted by “The Schoolmen” headed by Thomas Aquinas. It teaches that:

• Torah ended at the cross
• Israel’s covenant is obsolete
• the Church replaces Israel
• Jewish identity is absorbed into Christianity

The best proof-text for this is: “The kingdom of God shall be taken from you and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof.”

(Matthew 21:43)

3. THE JEWS ARE UNDER TORAH, BUT THE BELIEVING GENTILES ARE NOT

This is the Apostolic Jurisdictional Model taught by: The TruthQuest founder: Joseph Simmons

• Torah is best seen as an “Object Lesson” for our spiritual walk
• Some of Torah was retired after the death of Joshua
• Some more was retired after the death of Yeshua
• The Jewish Believers are still under the rest of Torah

The best proof-text for this is: “For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.”

(Romans 11:25)

Our first project is to examine the key text, under the light of these three paradigms.

What is sin? For this we shall use I John 3:4

“Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law.”

Rudolph says: “Torah” is what “law” means here, and so it says: Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also TORAH: for sin is the transgression of TORAH.” Reasoning:

• Numbers 15:16 says “one law” for Israel and the stranger.
• Torah defines sin for everyone.

Therefore 1 John 3:4 is universal Torah‑obligation.

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T.A. says: “law” is God’s moral standard as revealed in Scripture and taught by God’s “True Church”.

• Torah ended at the cross, so law does not mean Torah
• Jesus is building his “True Church”, and our doctrines reveal his “law”, therefore obey what we teach.

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Joseph says: Start by Defining the Greek word used for “law” and compare that to John 15:10-14 & Luke 10:26, they are two different and the meaning becomes clear that Torah does not fit in I John 3:4 and therefore it is speaking of wickedness in general.

⭐The Acts 15 Council of Jerusalem

Rudolph says: To understand this passage you first must understand that those “Pharisees” were attempting to convince those believing Gentiles to come under their authority. Their “Torah” included “The Oral Torah”. This must be understood as The Apostles rejecting that and expecting the Believing Gentiles to start learning Torah with the four prohibitions, and then learn more each Sabbath, as seen in Acts 15:21 “For Moses is…read in the synagogues every sabbath day.”